Switzerland

Musée Suisse du Jeu, La Tour-de-Peilz, near Montreux, portrait see further below
(with the Ken Whyld Library / Chess History & Literature Society)
www.museedujeu.ch

Schweizer Schachmuseum, in Kriens, then in Lucerne, later in Horw, now in Rain, portrait see further below
www.schachmuseum.ch

Germany

Emanuel Lasker Gesellschaft, Berlin, portrait see below
www.lasker-gesellschaft.de
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Werner_Wagner
http://en.chessbase.com/post/viktor-korchnoi-honored-in-berlin
http://www.schachbund.de/news/lasker-monographie-bekommt-gleich-drei-nachfolger.html

Schachmuseum in Löberitz, Sachsen-Anhalt
(Initiator und Seele des Schachmuseums ist Konrad Reiß)
www.sg1871loeberitz.de/gesch_kolumne/museum_1.htm &
http://www.sg1871loeberitz.de/gesch_kolumne/museum_2.htm;
http://www.karlonline.org/307_3.htm (Ein Verein mit Tradition und Eigensinn)https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schachmuseum_L%C3%B6beritz

Schachmuseum Lohfelden / Kassel (von Bernd Besser)
http://www.lohfelden.de/cms/LohfeldenErleben/KulturFreizeit/Sehensw%C3%BCrdigkeiten/Schachmuseum.cshtml

Schachmuseum Ströbeck, Sachsen-Anhalt
www.schachmuseum-stroebeck.de/
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schachmuseum_Str%C3%B6beck

Schleswig-Holsteinische Landesbibliothek, Kiel
(Schach-Sammlung von Wilhelm Maßmann und Gerd Meyer)
www.shlb.de/schach.htm

Netherlands

Max Euwe Centrum, Amsterdam, portrait see below
www.maxeuwe.nl/index.php/english
http://www.amsterdam.info/museums/chess-museum/
http://www.amsterdam-travel-guide.net/museums/max-euwe-chess-museum.php

Chess Pieces Museum (Schaakstukken Museum), Rotterdam
http://www.schaakstukkenmuseum.nl/?lang=en
http://www.euwe.nl/schaakstukkenmuseum.htm

Koninklijke Bibliotheek, The Hague, The Netherlands
www.kb.nl/en/resources-research-guides/kb-collections/collections-by-theme/chess-and-draughts-collection The Chess & Draughts collection at the Bibliotheca Van der Linde-Niemeijeriana (part of the Koninklijke Bibliotheek, the National Library of the Netherlands) is regarded as the second largest public chess collection in the world, based on the donations of the private chess libraries of Antonius van der Linde, Meindert Niemeijer and G.L. Gortmans 

Poland

Biblioteka Kórnicka, Kórnik, Poland 
(Baron Tassilo von Heydebrand und der Lasa)
www.bkpan.poznan.pl/english/library
http://www.schachbund.de/news/der-wohl-bedeutendste-deutsche-schachmeister-sammler-und-schriftsteller-im-19jahrhundert.html

Russia

Russian Chess House, Moscow
http://www.chessm.com/

Russian Chess Museum, 14 Gogol Boulevard, Moscow
http://www.russianmuseums.info/M1659
http://ruchess.ru/en/rcf-chess-museum/
The Chess Museum opened in Moscow on September 25, 2014. The museum found its place within the walls of the famous House of Chess (formerly known as the Central Chess Club) on Gogolevsky Boulevard, a few hundred meters from Kremlin. Pictorial reports:
http://chess-news.ru/en/node/16766
http://ruchess.ru/news/all/v_moskve_na_gogolevskom_bulvare_otkrylsia_muzei_shahmat/
https://schach.chess.com/news/russias-first-chess-museum-opened-in-moscow-8334
http://en.chessbase.com/post/museum-of-chess-inaugurated-in-moscow
http://www.chessdom.com/russian-chess-museum/

Turkey

Gökyay Chess Museum, Ankara, Turkey
http://www.gokyaysatrancvakfi.org.tr/en
http://www.gokyaysatrancvakfi.org.tr/en/about-gokyay-foundation
Akın Gökyay Chess Foundation is established on January 14, 2013 by Akın Gökyay. The museum is located in a old Ankara house architect reflecting the historical fabric in a central position. You can take a journey with cultural connotations in the chess museum where 540 chess sets collected since 1975 from 103 countries are exhibited under four main themes in 1008 square meter area. The businessman and owner of the “Biggest Chess Set in the World”, Akın Gökyay transformed his 40 years chess adventures to a marvelous museum which opened its doors recently.

America

Chess Club and Scholastic Center of Saint Louis, Missouri, and
World Chess Hall of Fame, in Saint Louis, Missouri, portrait see below
http://worldchesshof.org/ (World Chess Hall of Fame)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Chess_Hall_of_Fame
http://www.saintlouischessclub.org/ (Saint Louis Chess Club)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_Club_and_Scholastic_Center_of_Saint_Louis
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rex_Sinquefield (Biography of Rex Sinquefield)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinquefield_Cup (Tournament History)

Cleveland, Ohio
http://cpl.org/thelibrary Cleveland Public Library with the John G. White Chess and Checkers Collection. The largest chess and draughts library in the world, with over 32,000 chess books and over 6,000 bound volumes of chess periodicals

Computer History Museum including Computer Chess, Mountain View, California
http://www.computerhistory.org/chess/index.php
http://www.computerhistory.org/

Mechanic's Institute, Library and Chess Room, San Francisco, California
www.chessclub.org/index.php 
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco_Mechanics'_Institute
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanics'_Institute_Chess_Club

Asia

Dubai Chess and Culture Club, portrait see below
Dubai Chess and Culture Club,
Sheikh Hamdan Bin Rashid Al Maktoum (Biography of Sheikh Hamdan)

Sharjah Chess & Culture Club, portrait see below
http://sharjahchess.ae/

World Wide Web

ELLIOTT AVEDON, Virtual Museum of Games, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliott_Avedon_Museum_and_Archive_of_Games
http://healthy.uwaterloo.ca/museum/VirtualExhibits/chess/index.html (Chess Sets)
http://healthy.uwaterloo.ca/museum/VirtualExhibits/Alfonso/ (Libro de Juegos)

Virtual Chess Museum, connected with the Chess Collectors International
http://www.chess-museum.com/site-info.html (in english)
http://www.schachmuseum.com/zum-geleit.html (in german)

==> Chess Collectors International (CCI):

Chess Collectors International was incorporated in 1984 for the study and promulgation of the art and history of chess artifacts.

Conventions often feature seminars and speakers regarding chess collecting; chess auctions; museum exhibitions; displays of chess art, books, and stamps; and the sale and trading of chess sets and chess materials. During these gatherings, museums including The State Hermitage Museum in St. Petersburg, Russia; New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art; the Philadelphia Museum of Art; Paris’s Bibliotèque nationale de France; the Deutsches Museum in Munich, and London’s British Museum and Victoria and Albert Museum have displayed sets from the collections of CCI members.

Membership initially was for those who enjoyed the beauty, art, and history of chess sets. It now includes collectors of chess postage stamps as well as chess books, chess artwork, chess pins, documents, and other memorabilia.

http://www.worldchesshof.org/about/chess-collectors-international/ (WCHOF)
https://chesscollectormagazine.sharepoint.com/Pages/default.aspx (Magazine)
http://www.cci-deutschland.de/ (CCI Germany)
http://www.ccifrance.com/ (CCI France)

Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_libraries

Private Chess Libraries: David DeLucia, Lothar Schmid (R.I.P.)
A survey: http://www.schachmuseum.com/grosse-sammler.html

A survey of Chess Museums:
http://www.chess-museum.com/links.html (scroll down)
http://www.schachmuseum.com/museen-und-sammlungen.html

Portraits of Chess Historians: http://www.schachmuseum.com/schachhistoriker.html

In 2007, Rex Sinquefield opened the Chess Club and Scholastic Center of Saint Louis, Missouri as a non-profit and educational organization, its mission is to "maintain a formal program of instruction to teach the game of chess and and to support its educational program through community outreach, local and national partnerships to increase the awareness of the educational value of chess". In August 2010, Rex Sinquefield provided seed funding to relocate the World Chess Hall of Fame from Florida to Saint Louis, Missouri. Since 2014, the Sinquefield Cup, as an annually recurring international invitation series is held at same venue. It is a one of the rare and most prestigious supertournament on global chess circuit.

https://saintlouischessclub.org/ (Official Site)

The Dubai Chess and Culture Club, United Arab Emirates was established in 1979 as a part of the UAE Chess Federation, the governing body of chess in the UAE, and was officially recognized as an independent entity on May 16, 1981. The club’s headquarters was originally located in Burj Nahar in Deira District before it was moved permanently to its current location in Al Mamzar, Dubai.

The club's current headquarters was built on May 2, 1999 and was widely acknowledged as the most modern and biggest dedicated chess club in the world when it was completed. The building is designed in the shape of a rook.

Sheikh Hamdan Bin Rashid Al Maktoum, Deputy Ruler of Dubai and Minister of Finance, is the honorary president of the Club. Sheikh Hamdan has played a major role in supporting the chess movement in the region. Some of the most notable members of the club include Saeed Ahmed Saeed, the UAE’s first world champion in chess and first IM, and Taleb Moussa, the UAE’s first GM.

The club played a major role in organizing the 27th World Chess Olympiad in 1986, which was hosted by the UAE Chess Federation at the Dubai World Trade Centre, and has organized other international chess events such as the 2014 World Rapid and Blitz Championships, Asian Cities Championships, Arab Championships and since 1999 the annual Dubai Open where current world champion Magnus Carlsen earned his third and final requested grandmaster norm in April 2004.

http://www.dubaichess.ae/ (Official Site)

This country plays an important part in international chess circuit since World Chess Champion, Prof. Dr. Max Euwe. When, in 1935, world champion Aljechin lost his title to Euwe, the former Russian citizen spoke these memorable words: "Es lebe Schachweltmeister Euwe". The Dutch were delirious: in the streets celebrations went on deep into the night. Euwe did much to promote chess, as chess player, excellent teacher and author, and as president of the World Chess Federation (FIDE) he advanced chess immensely, also in third-world countries. Euwe died in 1981, eighty years old.

In November 1986, the Max Euwe Centrum opened its doors. Initially the centre mostly directed its energies towards maintaining a small museum and a library which contained part of Euwe's chess inheritance and his books. MEC's current aims and objectives are ample interest in the cultural, social as well as academic aspects of chess. This somewhat less well-known side is illuminated in lectures, seminars, exhibitions and conferences. 

http://www.maxeuwe.nl/index.php/english (Official Site)

Constituted in 2001 at the Congress Homo ludens, Homo politicus in Potsdam, the Emanuel Lasker Gesellschaft (ELG), located in Berlin, is preserving the spiritual and cultural heritage of the second World Chess Champion, Emanuel Lasker. 

Sharjah is the third largest and third most populous city in the United Arab Emirates, part of the Dubai-Sharjah-Ajman metropolitan area, and located along the southern coast of the Persian Gulf.

The Sharjah Cultural and Chess Club (Sharjah Hall) was established by Sheikh Dr. Sultan bin Ahmed Al Qasimi, the ruler of Sharjah, and was officially opened on March 28, 2013. The Sharjah Chess Club covers an area of 34,000 cubic feet, including the main hall which can accommodate up to 500 players. Besides two huge playing areas there are many class rooms, library, VIP room, regional FIDE office etc. One can find here all possible modern equipment and devises invented in the chess world.

Sharjah Masters International Chess Championship (Open) is organised under the patronage of H.H. Sheikh Dr. Sultan bin Mohammad Al Qasimi, Supreme Council Member and Ruler of Sharjah and held at Sharjah Chess & Culture Club.

http://sharjahchess.ae/ (Official Site)

Musée Suisse du Jeu, La Tour-de-Peilz at the Montreux Riviera, Switzerland

www.museedujeu.ch (Official Site)
https://www.montreuxriviera.com/en/Z4611/print-poi?poi=442

The city of La Tour-de-Peilz is located on Lake Geneva (Lac Léman) between Montreux and Vevey (the agglomeration counting some 100,000 inhabitants) in the canton of Vaud in Switzerland.

The castle at La Tour-de-Peilz and the museum represent a "thematic site" managed by the Foundation "Musée Suisse du Jeu", which was created in 1987. The aim of the foundation is to promote the culture of play as an element of human cultural heritage. The foundation owns the Swiss Museum of Games and guarantees its existence. It develops and exhibits the museum's collection and proposes a program of educational activities for a growing public more and more interested in the subject.

The library of the Swiss Museum of Games holds over 5000 volumes (books and journals), among which the chess library of the late Ken Whyld with its c. 3000 entries:

Chess History & Literature Society (CHLS), founded as Ken Whyld Association,
an Association for the Bibliography and History of Chess
https://www.kwabc.org/en/ (Official Site)

Current director of the Swiss Museum of Games / Musée Suisse du Jeu, is Dr. Ulrich Schädler
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulrich_Sch%C3%A4dler (Wikipedia biography, in german)

Musée suisse du jeu (Wikipedia in french)

The Chess Museum, www.schachmuseum.ch is the biggest chess museum in Europe, online as well as physically in Kriens, then in Lucern, later in Horw, now in Rain, founded and guided by the brothers Werner Rupp (President of the Schachgesellschaft Lucerne) and Roland Rupp, opening its doors in 2012.

The collection of the Schachmuseum (Chess Museum) offers now more than 30’000 memorabilia in amazing variation of spaces and subjects (antique chess pieces, boards, clocks and tables, chess stamps from all over the world).

Specific themes as 'chess and literature', 'chess and music', 'chess and movies', 'chess and mathematics', 'chess and psychology' or 'chess and politics' are presented in detail, then of course biographies of players, original tournament posters and chess magazines as you can view all the exhibits in various vitrines, glass cabinets and galleries, including a bookshop and a small cinema room with about 150 chess sequences from famous films!

Apparently, the Museum had to close in 2019, and is searching for a new location:
https://www.luzernerzeitung.ch/zentralschweiz/luzern/ehemalige-vermieter-erheben-schwere-vorwuerfe-gegen-den-betreiber-des-luzerner-schachmuseums-ld.1118002

Wikipedia: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schweizer_Schachmuseum
Video of the Chess Museum, provided by SWISSLOS: www.swisslos.ch

SWISSLOS is the intercantonal (Cantons of Switzerland) Lottery of Switzerland, founded in 1937, offering the numbers lottery Swiss Lotto and EuroMillions, sports betting and various scratch cards in physical forms and online version. As a cooperative society, owned by 20 Cantons of Switzerland, SWISSLOS is supporting with its net benefit annually for a good cause more than 12'000 non-profit projects and institutions in culture, social, nature and sports fields. 

> Dubai, United Arab Emirates: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubai_Chess_and_Culture_Club, Dubai Chess and Culture Club, compare also: http://www.dubaichess.ae/

> Lund, Sweden: Sweden: http://www.lask.se/, Lunds ASK, and http://www.chesslund.com/, Lund Chess Academy with Chess Auctions and Book Store, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunds_ASK

Alina L'Ami playing the CellaVision Cup (Open), with a big pictorial report from the city of Lund:
https://en.chessbase.com/post/alina-l-ami-in-lund-sweden

> Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0K_Bosna, ŠK Bosna

> Sharjah in the UAE. The Sharjah Chess Club, which opened on March 28, 2013, is the world’s largest chess club. It covers an area of 34,000 cubic feet and can accommodate up to 500 players:
https://www.fide.com/component/content/article/15-chess-news/8182-the-largest-chess-club-in-the-world-in-sharjah-uae.html

> Zurich: http://www.sgzurich.ch, SG Zürich, the oldest still existing chess club of the world, founded in the year 1809

> and Baden-Baden, Beijing, Chennai, Moscow, St. Petersburg, among many others 

United States:

> Dallas, Dallas Chess Club: http://www.dallaschess.com, state scholastic tournament for elementary, high-school, and college students, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dallas_Chess_Club

> Las Vegas, Las Vegas Chess Center: http://www.lasvegaschesscenter.com/

> New York, Marshall Chess Club, formed in 1915 by a group led by Frank Marshall, 
http://www.marshallchessclub.org/, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshall_Chess_Club

The second-oldest club in the United States is celebrating its centenary: https://worldchess.com/2015/10/08/the-marshall-chess-club-turns-100/

> Philadelphia, with its historic Franklin Mercentile Chess Club, no website available
(Franklin Mercantile Library closed in 1989)

> Saint Louis, Missouri, Chess Club and Scholastic Center Saint Louis: http://saintlouischessclub.org/, today the most active and opulent chess venue of the world,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_Club_and_Scholastic_Center_of_Saint_Louis

> San Francisco, The Mechanics' Institute Chess Club with Library and Chess Room,
the oldest chess club in the USA, which began in the year 1824
http://www.chessclub.org/, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanics%27_Institute_Chess_Club

< Chicago, Chicago Chess Club (closed)

< New York, Manhattan Chess Club: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manhattan_Chess_Club
(the famous Manhattan Chess Club closed, after existing for 124 years, in 2002)

Wikipedia, general survey and history:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_chess_software (Chess Softaware and Hardware)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_chess (Computer Chess)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_engine (Chess Engine)
http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/ (Schachcomputer.info - Wiki, in german)
http://www.schach-computer.info/wiki/index.php?title=Hauptseite_En (english)

Bodies:
http://ilk.uvt.nl/icga/, https://icga.leidenuniv.nl/ (ICGA, International Computer Games Assoc.)
http://www.infinitychess.com/ (Freestyle Chess, aka Advanced Chess)

Championships:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top_Chess_Engine_Championship (TCEC, Wikipedia)
http://tcec.chessdom.com/live.php (TCEC Live season)
http://tcec.chessdom.com/archive.php (TCEC Archive)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Computer_Chess_Championship (WCC, Wikipedia)
http://aigames.net/ACCA/ACCAWCRCC/2015ACCAWCRCC/WCRCC.html (Rapid)
http://en.chessbase.com/post/computer-chess-world-championship-new-format
(New format for the Computer Chess World Championships by the ICGA)

Rating lists:
http://www.computerchess.org.uk/ccrl/ (CCRL)
==> http://www.computerchess.org.uk/ccrl/4040/ (CCRL rating)
http://www.computerchess.org.uk/ccrl/4040/rating_list_pure.html (pure list)
http://www.inwoba.de/index.html (IPON)
==> http://www.inwoba.de/index.html (IPON rating, click corresponding icon)

Engines (selection):
https://komodochess.com/ (Komodo)
https://stockfishchess.org/ (Stockfish)
http://www.cruxis.com/chess/houdini.htm (Houdini)
http://rybkachess.com/ (Rybka)
http://www.shredderchess.com/ (Shredder)
http://www.hiarcs.com/(Hiarcs)
https://fritz.chessbase.com/?lang=de (Fritz)

https://en.chessbase.com/post/komodo-birth-of-a-chess-engine
https://schach.chess.com/article/view/the-best-computer-chess-engines

AlphaZero by DeepMind (Google):
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AlphaZero
https://deepmind.com/research/alphago/alphazero-resources/ 

Sesse - Analysis machine (private website by Steinar H. Gunderson)
https://www.sesse.net/, http://analysis.sesse.net/